What might result from low fuel pump output in an engine?

Low fuel pump output can significantly impact engine performance, leading to a range of issues, with hard starting being one of the most noticeable. When the fuel pump fails to deliver an adequate amount of fuel, the engine may struggle to receive the necessary fuel-air mixture for proper combustion. This lack of fuel can cause the engine to be difficult to start, especially in cold conditions or after the vehicle has been sitting for an extended period.

While hard starting is a direct consequence of low fuel pump output, it may also indirectly contribute to increased wear and higher emissions over time as the engine may compensate for low fuel flow by adjusting operation parameters in a way that is not optimal. However, the primary and immediate concern resulting from low fuel pump output is indeed hard starting, as the engine relies heavily on an adequate and steady supply of fuel to initiate the ignition process effectively.